Table
1. Ordinary
least-squares equations for determining the most probable deviation
[Fs,
regression estimate of F-pseudosigma; WWR, whole-water recoverable; TITR,
electrometric titration; mg/L, milligrams per liter; x, sample most probable
value; DIS, dissolved; GF-AAS, graphite furnace-atomic absorption
spectrophotometry; mg/L, micrograms per liter; ICP-AES, inductively
coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry; ICP-MS, inductively coupled
plasma-mass spectrometry; DCP-AES, direct current plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; HG-AAS, hydride
generation-atomic absorption spectrophotometry; IC, ion chromatography; LL, low
level; GRAV, gravimetric; ISE, ion-selective electrode; F-AAS, flame-atomic
absorption spectrophotometry; CV-AAS, cold vapor-atomic absorption
spectrophotometry; ELEC, electrometric; mS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius;
COL, colorimetric; ASF, micro-Kjeldahl digestion, automated segmented
flow, colorimetric]
|
Constituent
and method
of analysis |
Concentration range |
Unit |
Equation to determine Fs |
Number of Samples |
p-value |
||||
|
INORGANIC
CONSTITUENTS |
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Alkalinity (WWR, TITR) |
27.0 - 234 |
mg/L |
Fs
= 0.018x + 0.955 |
13 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Aluminum (DIS, GF-AAS) |
10.0 - 317 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.090x + 6.834 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Aluminum (DIS, ICP-AES) |
10.0 - 317 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.090x + 6.834 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Aluminum (DIS, ICP-MS) |
10.0 - 317 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.090x + 6.834 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Aluminum (WWR, DCP-AES) |
10.0 - 317 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.090x + 6.834 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Aluminum (WWR, GF-AAS, USEPA) |
10.0 - 317 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.090x + 6.834 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Aluminum (WWR, ICP-AES) |
10.0 - 317 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.090x + 6.834 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Antimony (DIS, HG-AAS) |
0.55 - 76.3 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.109x + 0.559 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Antimony (DIS, ICP-MS) |
0.55 - 76.3 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.109x + 0.559 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Arsenic (DIS, GF-AAS) |
0.55 - 56.6 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.090x + 0.427 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Arsenic (DIS, HG-AAS) |
0.55 - 56.6 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.090x + 0.427 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Arsenic (WWR, GF-AAS) |
0.55 - 56.6 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.090x + 0.427 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Arsenic (WWR, GF-AAS, USEPA) |
0.55 - 56.6 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.090x + 0.427 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Arsenic (WWR, HG-AAS) |
0.55 - 56.6 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.090x + 0.427 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Barium (DIS, ICP-AES) |
7.65 - 507 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.042x + 1.411 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Barium (DIS, ICP-MS) |
7.65 - 507 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.042x + 1.411 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Barium (WWR, ICP-AES) |
7.65 - 507 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.042x + 1.411 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Beryllium (DIS, ICP-AES) |
0.12 - 59.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.042x + 0.482 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Beryllium (DIS, ICP-MS) |
0.12 - 59.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.042x + 0.482 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Beryllium (WWR, ICP-AES) |
0.12 - 59.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.042x + 0.482 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Boron (DIS, ICP-AES) |
0.18 - 297 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.060x + 6.207 |
33 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Boron (WWR, DCP-AES) |
0.18 - 297 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.060x + 6.207 |
33 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Cadmium (DIS, GF-AAS) |
0.34 - 50.5 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.060x + 0.350 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Cadmium (DIS, ICP-AES) |
0.34 - 50.5 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.060x + 0.350 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Cadmium (DIS, ICP-MS) |
0.34 - 50.5 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.060x + 0.350 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Cadmium (WWR, GF-AAS) |
0.34 - 50.5 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.060x + 0.350 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Cadmium (WWR, ICP-AES) |
0.34 - 50.5 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.060x + 0.350 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Calcium (DIS, ICP-AES) |
4.60 - 154 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.054x - 0.187 |
33 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Chloride (DIS, IC) |
7.60 - 208 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.030x + 0.355 |
14 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Chloride (DIS, IC, LL) |
0.14 - 7.79 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.040x + 0.164 |
12 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Chromium (DIS, GF-AAS) |
0.68 - 79.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.059x + 0.754 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Chromium (DIS, ICP-AES) |
0.68 - 79.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.059x + 0.754 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Chromium (DIS, ICP-MS) |
0.68 - 79.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.059x + 0.754 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Chromium (WWR, GF-AAS) |
0.68 - 79.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.059x + 0.754 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Chromium (WWR, ICP-AES) |
0.68 - 79.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.059x + 0.754 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Cobalt (DIS, GF-AAS) |
0.40 - 40.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.048x + 0.734 |
17 |
0.0003 |
|||||
Cobalt (DIS, ICP-AES) |
0.40 - 40.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.048x + 0.734 |
17 |
0.0003 |
|||||
Cobalt (DIS, ICP-MS) |
0.40 - 40.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.048x + 0.734 |
17 |
0.0003 |
|||||
Cobalt (WWR, GF-AAS) |
0.40 - 40.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.048x + 0.734 |
17 |
0.0003 |
|||||
Copper (DIS, GF-AAS) |
1.90 - 85.3 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.050x + 1.067 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Copper (DIS, ICP-AES) |
1.90 - 85.3 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.050x + 1.067 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Copper (DIS, ICP-MS) |
1.90 - 85.3 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.050x + 1.067 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Copper (WWR, GF-AAS) |
1.90 - 85.3 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.050x + 1.067 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Copper (WWR, ICP-AES) |
1.90 - 85.3 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.050x + 1.067 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Dissolved solids (DIS, GRAV) |
88.0 - 1309 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.017x + 7.610 |
13 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Fluoride (DIS, IC, LL) |
0.028 - 0.14 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.005x + 0.020 |
9 |
0.953 |
|||||
Fluoride (DIS, ISE) |
0.23 - 1.23 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.061x + 0.012 |
12 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Iron (DIS, ICP-AES) |
4.30 - 1175 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.045x + 4.886 |
17 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Iron (WWR, F-AAS) |
4.30 - 1175 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.045x + 4.886 |
17 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Iron (WWR, ICP-AES) |
4.30 - 1175 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.045x + 4.886 |
17 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Lead (DIS, GF-AAS) |
1.00 - 103 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.066x + 0.822 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Lead (DIS, ICP-AES) |
1.00 - 103 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.066x + 0.822 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Lead (DIS, ICP-MS) |
1.00 - 103 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.066x + 0.822 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Lead (WWR, GF-AAS) |
1.00 - 103 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.066x + 0.822 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Lead (WWR, ICP-AES) |
1.00 - 103 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.066x + 0.822 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Lithium (DIS, ICP-AES) |
8.70 - 132 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.081x + 0.364 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Lithium (WWR, F-AAS) |
8.70 - 132 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.081x + 0.364 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Magnesium (DIS, ICP-AES) |
0.78 - 58.4 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.044x - 0.003 |
33 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Manganese (DIS, ICP-AES) |
2.40 - 455 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.047x + 0.990 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Manganese (DIS, ICP-MS) |
2.40 - 455 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.047x + 0.990 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Manganese (WWR, F-AAS) |
2.40 - 455 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.047x + 0.990 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Manganese (WWR, ICP-AES) |
2.40 - 455 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.047x + 0.990 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Mercury (DIS, CV-AAS) |
0.34 - 5.04 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.110x + 0.075 |
16 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Mercury (WWR, CV-AAS) |
0.34 - 5.04 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.110x + 0.075 |
16 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Molybdenum (DIS, GF-AAS) |
1.25 - 112 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.081x + 0.735 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Molybdenum (DIS, ICP-AES) |
1.25 - 112 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.081x + 0.735 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Molybdenum (DIS, ICP-MS) |
1.25 - 112 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.081x + 0.735 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Molybdenum (WWR, GF-AAS) |
1.25 - 112 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.081x + 0.735 |
18 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Nickel (DIS, GF-AAS) |
1.70 - 71.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.057x + 1.14 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Nickel (DIS, ICP-AES) |
1.70 - 71.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.057x + 1.14 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Nickel (DIS, ICP-MS) |
1.70 - 71.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.057x + 1.14 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Nickel (WWR, GF-AAS) |
1.70 - 71.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.057x + 1.14 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Nickel (WWR, ICP-AES) |
1.70 - 71.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.057x + 1.14 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Potassium (DIS, F-AAS) |
0.45 - 13.9 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.067x + 0.022 |
33 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Potassium (DIS, F-AAS, LL) |
0.057 - 0.55 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.064x + 0.017 |
12 |
0.0024 |
|||||
Selenium (DIS, GF-AAS) |
2.10 - 21.4 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.160x + 0.191 |
17 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Selenium (DIS, HG-AAS) |
2.10 - 21.4 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.160x + 0.191 |
17 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Selenium (WWR, GF-AAS) |
2.10 - 21.4 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.160x + 0.191 |
17 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Selenium (WWR, GF-AAS, USEPA) |
2.10 - 21.4 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.160x + 0.191 |
17 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Selenium (WWR, HG-AAS) |
2.10 - 21.4 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.160x + 0.191 |
17 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Silica (DIS, COL) |
2.46 - 24.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.061x + 0.007 |
32 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Silica (DIS, ICP-AES) |
2.46 - 24.0 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.061x + 0.007 |
32 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Silver (DIS, GF-AAS) |
0.90 - 19.8 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.049x + 0.568 |
16 |
0.0043 |
|||||
Silver (DIS, GF-AAS, LL) |
0.90 - 19.8 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.049x + 0.568 |
16 |
0.0043 |
|||||
Silver (DIS, ICP-AES) |
0.90 - 19.8 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.049x + 0.568 |
16 |
0.0043 |
|||||
Silver (DIS, ICP-MS) |
0.90 - 19.8 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.049x + 0.568 |
16 |
0.0043 |
|||||
Silver (WWR, GF-AAS) |
0.90 - 19.8 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.049x + 0.568 |
16 |
0.0043 |
|||||
Sodium (DIS, F-AAS) |
7.19 - 166 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.037x + 0.292 |
33 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Sodium (DIS, F-AAS, LL) |
0.117 - 4.40 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.047x + 0.023 |
12 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Sodium (DIS, ICP-AES) |
7.19 - 166 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.037x + 0.292 |
33 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Specific conductance (WWR, ELEC, LL) |
7.000 - 44.1 |
mS/cm |
Fs = 0.049x + 0.460 |
13 |
0.0127 |
|||||
Strontium (DIS, ICP-AES) |
31.9 - 1669 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.054x - 0.870 |
33 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Strontium (WWR, ICP-AES) |
31.9 - 1669 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.054x - 0.870 |
33 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Sulfate (DIS, IC) |
6.06 - 621 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.036x + 0.631 |
14 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Vanadium (DIS, COL) |
1.00 - 52.8 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.047x + 1.343 |
29 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Vanadium (DIS, ICP-AES) |
1.00 - 52.8 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.047x + 1.343 |
29 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Zinc (DIS, ICP-AES) |
5.80 - 381 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.046x + 2.448 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Zinc (DIS, ICP-MS) |
5.80 - 381 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.046x + 2.448 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Zinc (WWR, F-AAS) |
5.80 - 381 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.046x + 2.448 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Zinc (WWR, ICP-AES) |
5.80 - 381 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.046x + 2.448 |
19 |
0.0001 |
|||||
|
|
|||||||||
|
NUTRIENT
CONSTITUENTS |
|||||||||
Ammonia as nitrogen (DIS) |
0.024 - 1.33 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.060x + 0.012 |
25 |
0.0004 |
|||||
Ammonia as nitrogen (DIS, COL) |
0.024 - 1.33 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.060x + 0.012 |
25 |
0.0004 |
|||||
Ammonia as nitrogen (DIS, COL, LL) |
0.024 - 1.33 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.060x + 0.012 |
25 |
0.0004 |
|||||
Ammonia as nitrogen (DIS, USEPA) |
0.024 - 1.33 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.060x + 0.012 |
25 |
0.0004 |
|||||
Ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen
(DIS) |
0.118 - 2.37 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.052x + 0.113 |
27 |
0.0069 |
|||||
Ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen
(DIS, ASF) |
0.118 - 2.37 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.052x + 0.113 |
27 |
0.0069 |
|||||
Ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen
(DIS, USEPA) |
0.118 - 2.37 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.052x + 0.113 |
27 |
0.0069 |
|||||
Ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen
(WWR) |
0.118 - 2.37 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.052x + 0.113 |
27 |
0.0069 |
|||||
Ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen
(WWR, ASF) |
0.118 - 2.37 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.052x + 0.113 |
27 |
0.0069 |
|||||
Ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen
(WWR, USEPA) |
0.118 - 2.37 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.052x + 0.113 |
27 |
0.0069 |
|||||
Nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen (DIS) |
0.073 - 1.93 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.042x + 0.015 |
25 |
0.0003 |
|||||
Nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen (DIS, COL) |
0.073 - 1.93 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.042x + 0.015 |
25 |
0.0003 |
|||||
Nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen (DIS, COL,
LL) |
0.073 - 1.93 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.042x + 0.015 |
25 |
0.0003 |
|||||
Orthophosphate as phosphorus (DIS) |
0.052 - 1.59 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.040x + 0.006 |
24 |
0.0004 |
|||||
Orthophosphate as phosphorus (DIS, COL) |
0.052 - 1.59 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.040x + 0.006 |
24 |
0.0004 |
|||||
Orthophosphate as phosphorus (DIS, COL, LL) |
0.052 - 1.59 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.040x + 0.006 |
24 |
0.0004 |
|||||
Phosphorus (DIS) |
0.060 - 1.63 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.035x + 0.009 |
27 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Phosphorus (DIS, ASF) |
0.060 - 1.63 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.035x + 0.009 |
27 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Phosphorus (DIS, COL, LL) |
0.060 - 1.63 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.035x + 0.009 |
27 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Phosphorus (DIS, USEPA) |
0.060 - 1.63 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.035x + 0.009 |
27 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Phosphorus (WWR) |
0.060 - 1.63 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.035x + 0.009 |
27 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Phosphorus (WWR, ASF) |
0.060 - 1.63 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.035x + 0.009 |
27 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Phosphorus (WWR, COL, LL) |
0.060 - 1.63 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.035x + 0.009 |
27 |
0.0001 |
|||||
Phosphorus (WWR, USEPA) |
0.060 - 1.63 |
mg/L |
Fs = 0.035x + 0.009 |
27 |
0.0001 |